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As they say, with knowledge comes responsibilities.


I finally caught up with Fawn and collected my Standard First Aid certification card, issued by Raffles Hospital. With my card, my certification is complete. I am officially a first aider. It took around 3 months since late October last year for the certification to be issued. Apparently, the exam results were sent overseas to be verified?!?!


Video montage of the Standard First Aid course

Learning standard first aid is planned as part of the curriculum for the completion of the Facilitators In Training (FIT) program. We deemed it necessary for facilitators running children or youth programs to be equipped with this fundamental skill. We made arrangements with the Parish Pastoral Council who join with a community judo association to conduct a special weekend course by trainer, Thomas Lam from Raffles Hospital.

There is only one purpose for any first aider - To sustain life until professional help arrive.

First order of understanding - Biological death is irreversible, while clinical death is reversible. When heart and breathing stops;
1) An average of 4 - 6 mins can lead to death. Every minute wasted lowers the chance of survival by 10%.
2) After 10 mins, brain cell start to die and the heart stops
3) Between 1-2 hours, the body temperature drops by 2-3 degrees. An average of 1-1.5 degrees after every hour of death.
4) Rigor mortise - after 10 hours, the body freezes

Simply put, there is a 5 minutes window to resuscitate a victim back to a heartbeat. It takes on average of 5 - 7 minutes for an ambulance to arrive on scene. Our role as a first aider determines life or death. All within minutes to get appropriate help, determine the availability of resources, perform necessary aid while preventing cross infection between yourself and the casualty and to remain with casualty until appropriate help arrives.

Emergency Action Plan
D - Danger, assessing risks
R - Responsiveness
S - Shout "Hello, hello, Are You OK" "Get the AED"
A - Airway
B - Breathing - Look, listen and feel for breathing within the 1st 10 seconds
C - Circulation (CPR - Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation), 6 sets

The simple reminder - Call, Blow, Pump.

Signs of Life
C - Conscious
C - Coughing
M - Movement
B - Breathing


Our practical exam on CPR



While the application of CPR is of utmost importance, being able to look out for a variety of health problems and knowing how to treat them is also important.

L L F - Look, Listen, Feel
1) Sweating - Heart attack or shock. Apply GTN (Glyceryl Trinitrate Tablets) under the tongue - only if patient is on this medication.
2) Turning blue - Breathlessness or choking. Apply CPR techniques or check airways.
3) Increase in body temperature - Normal body temperature is 37 Degree Celsius. Rest, water or seek medical attention.
4) Increase in heart beat - Normal adult, 60 - 80 beats/min., Baby, 80 - 100 beats/min., Kids, 80 - 120 beats/min. Indication of stroke or heat stroke. Seek immediate medical attention.
5) Sucking sound - Puncture to the lungs
6) Wheezing - Asthma attack
7) Needle marks - On arm, stomach or thighs - Diabetic. If needle marks are found on the forearm, it is likely due to drug overdose.
8) Feces - Body in serve injury. Do not move patient.

Level of responsive check
A - Alert
V - Voice
P - Pain
U - Unresponsive

Primary Survey
D - Deformity
O - Open wound
T - Tenderness
S - Swelling

Secondary Survey
Look for:
1) Inhaler canister
2) Insulin injection
3) Warning cards
4) Medical alert tags

Symptoms and treatments


Choking
S - Speak
B - Breathe
C - Cough

Apply abdominal thrust (Heimlich Manoeuvre)
Chest thrust for pregnant causality
Knee down position for kids
For babies - turn baby around, hold by jaw line, butt higher, pat 5 times

Drowning
1st order - throw life buoy
Save drowning victim from the back not the front
In an open sea, swim with current, never against
Unconscious victim with water in lungs - perform CPR

Over breathing (Hyperventilation)
Emotional excitement
Large amt of carbon dioxide is expelled
Provide paper bag to breath slowly

Circulatory Problems
There are 3 main types of blood vessels
1) Arteries
2) Veins
3) Capillaries


Wounds
Incised wounds
Laceration wounds
Abrasion (grazing) wounds
Puncture wound
Stab wound
Alvation wound
Contusion (bruise) wound

Bleeding
D - Direct Pressure
I - Indirect Pressure
E - Elevation


Fracture
Adult human - 206 Bones
Baby till about 2 months - 350
Largest bones - Femur
Smallest bone - Stapes (Bone in the inner ear)


Learning bandages


My Doughnut Ring


Pirates of the Cari-Buns

Nervous systems problems
If victim is not breathing - tilt head and lift into recovery position

Fainting
Insufficient blood to the brain
Prolong standing
Low sugar

Treatment for fainting
Remove tight obstruction clothing
Lift legs up
Provide more oxygen

Stroke
Stroke is the second killer in the world, in Singapore it is no. 4
Ischemic stroke
Hemorrhagic stroke

Epilepsy (fits)
Disorder in the brain
Problem can be controlled with medication. Muscular relaxation
Caused by serve head injury
High fever
Viral Infection
Lack of oxygen to the brain

Allow fit to blow out and put victim to recovery position

Dietetics
Disorder in the pancreas
Insufficient or inabilities of insulin to break down sugar in body will lead to diabetes

Symptoms
Always tired
Frequent urination
Sudden weight loss
Wounds that won't heal
Always hungry
Blurry vision
Numb of tingling hands and feet
Always thirsty

Heart Attack
No.1 killer in the world, in Singapore No. 2

Symptoms
Chest discomfort
Arm or back discomfort
Neck of jaw discomfort
Trouble breathing with or without chest discomfort
Feeling light-headed
Cold sweat
Nausea and vomiting

Burns And Scalds
Severity of burn
Depth, size, site and infant / child or elderly

1st degree - Superficial, temporary no scaring
2nd degree - Partial thickness, Blistering - medium rare,
3rd degree - Full thickness - well done

A 9% burn is serve enough for body fluids to stop functioning.
Higher than 60% burn, chances of surviving is slim

Heat related emergencies
Dehydration - drink more water
Heat exhaustion - isotonic or salt drinks replaces loss salt in body
Heat stroke - rush immediately to hospital. Treatment of ice packs on neck, armpits and groin for 15 mins


Revision before the written exam

I was informed that in a community emergency, I will be called upon my SCDF to assist. It is my duty as a first aider.

More FIT @ Standard First Aid Course Pictures

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